Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of factors associated with previous HCV testing among PWID (N = 1241 unless otherwise noted)

Predisposing factor

Age (years)

   < 30

45/456 (9.7)

1

<0.001

1

0.208

   ≥ 30

253/785 (32.2)

4.4 (3.1–6.2)

1.4 (0.8–2.3)

Education

  No formal education

13/115 (11.3)

1

0.001

1

0.022

  Formal education (any)

285/1126 (25.4)

2.7 (1.5–4.8)

3.5 (1.2–10.4)

Marital Status

  Widowed, divorced, separated or never married

112/605 (18.5)

1

<0.001

1

0.004

  Currently married

186/636 (29.2)

1.8 (1.4–2.4)

2.4 (1.3–4.5)

Use of alcohol and/or other non-injecting drugs in last 1 month (N = 1186 )

  No

162/433 (37.4)

1

<0.001

1

0.016

  Yes

129/753 (17.1)

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

Enabling factor

District of residence

  Amritsar

28/507 (5.5)

1

<0.001

1

<0.001

  Imphal

270/734 (36.8)

10.1 (6.7–15.2)

4.9 (2.7–8.8)

Employment status

  Not employed

263/1018 (25.8)

1

1

0.802

  Employed

35/223 (15.7)

0.5 (0.4–0.8)

0.002

1.1 (0.6–1.8)

Below-poverty-level (BPL) status^a

  Not below poverty level

157/821 (19.1)

1

<0.001

1

0.598

  Below poverty level

141/420 (33.6)

2.1 (1.6–2.8)

1.1 (0.8–1.6)

Unprotected sex in last 1 month (N = 1104)

  Always used condoms for sex

131/474 (27.6)

1

0.05

1

0.015

  Did not always use condoms for sex

143/630 (22.7))

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.5 (0.3–0.9)

High mobility in last 1 month^b (N = 1203)

  No

253/1029 (24.5)

1

0.099

1

0.005

  Yes

33/174 (18.9)

0.7 (0.5–1.0)

0.5 (0.3–0.8)

Sex with female sex worker in last 1 month (N = 1213)

  No

59/1143 (5.2)

1

0.106

1

0.195

  Yes

11/70 (15.71)

0.6 (0.3–1.1)

2.1 (0.7–6.8)

Ever had tattoo or piercing (N = 1212)

  No

238/957 (24.8)

1

0.083

1

0.259

  Yes

50/255 (19.6)

0.7 (0.5–1.0)

1.3 (0.8–2.2)

Need factor

STI symptoms or STI treatment in last 1 month (N = 1207)

  No

280/1189 (23.5)

1

0.345

1

0.170

  Yes

6/18 (33.3)

1.6 (0.6–4.3)

3.9 (0.5–27.2)

Current injecting drug user (N = 1211)

  No, but formerly

131/512 (25.6)

1

0.163

1

0.525

  Yes, currently (injected drugs in last 3 months)

155/699 (22.2)

0.7 (0.6–1.0)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

Injecting in a group in last 1 month (N = 1130)

  No

171/731 (23.4)

1

0.009

1

0.619

  Yes

67/399 (16.8)

0.7 (0.5–1.1)

1.1 (0.7–1.8)

Sharing of needles/syringes and other equipment in last 1 month (N = 1144)

  No

214/956 (22.4)

1

1

0.365

  Yes

34/188 (18.1)

0.7 (0.5–1.1)

0.179

1.3 (0.7–2.1)

Duration of injecting drug use (years)

   ≤ 1

21/172 (12.2)

1

1

0.021

  2–5

46/429 (10.7)

0.8 (0.5–1.5)

0.585

0.9 (0.5–1.9)

0.861

  6–10

60/239 (25.1)

2.4 (1.4–4.1)

0.001

1.3 (0.6–2.7)

0.491

   ≥ 11

171/401 (42.6)

5.4 (3.3–8.9)

<0.001

2.1 (1.0–4.2)

0.050